jute cultivation area in map of nepal,
jute cultivation area in nepal, jute cultivation and distribution, jute cultivation
conditions, jute cultivation climate, jute cultivation countries, jute farming
methods, jute cultivation in nepal all discussed here.
Jute comes under the Tiliaceae family and its scientific name is Corchorus spp. Fruits of the jute are called capsules, have the yellow color of the flower. Corchorus contains more than 40 species distributed in the tropical regions of the world.
Jute as a cash crop
Jute is a cash crop,
and those crops are produced for commercial purposes than just for growing or
eating. In the least developing and developing countries, cash crops are
cultivated more. Because the demand for cash crops in developed countries is
high and these countries can easily export these products. In other hand, the
jute is a “ fiber crop”, Jute, popularly known as "Golden Fiber," and
is a natural fiber.
The stem of the
herbaceous annual plant ‘Corchorus' is used to make jute fiber, Fibers are
produced from its secondary phloem. Jute is grown for the fibers which are used
to make rope, paper, cloth, sac, etc. It is ranked 2nd in the
fiber crop after the cotton and also comes 2nd in the cash crop
after the sugarcane.
Jute cultivation area in Nepal
Nepal is the
fifth-largest producer of raw jute in the world. In Nepal, Morang, Sunsari,
Jhapa, Siraha, and Dhanusha are the major districts that cultivate jute in
Nepal. The Jute Research Centre located in Itahari (Sunsari district). Morang
district leads in raw jute output, followed by Sunsari, Jhapa, Saptari, Siraha,
and Ilam, according to Statistical Information of Nepalese Agriculture,
2075/76.
Jute growing area in map of Nepal
Jute types
Generally, there are
two types of jute found in Nepal.
1. Corchorus
capsularis
2. Corchorus
olitorius
The primary center of
origin of C. capsularies is Indo-Burma or South-China or Nepal
and C. olitorius is Africa and the secondary center may be
India or Indo-Burma region(Kundu, 1951). Corchorus capsularis can
be cultivated in both upland and lowland but Corchorus olitorius mostly
cultivated in upland.
· Corchorus
capsularis has dark green leaves but Corchorus olitorius has light
green leaves.
· Corchorus
capsularis are shorter than the C. olitorius
· Corchorus
capsularis leaf is bitter in taste than the C. olitorius
· Corchorus
capsularis have Fibers is white in color but Corchorus olitorius have
golden colour fiber
· Corchorus
capsularis have Flowers that are small than the Corchorus olitorius
· Corchorus
capsularis have coarse fiber and called white jute but Corchorus olitorius have
fine, soft, lustrous fiber and called Tossa jute
· Corchorus
capsularis have Fruits that are round in shape and seeds that are dark in color
but Corchorus olitorius have elongated fruit and bluish-green
color seeds.
Recommended varieties of Nepal
1.
Ithari-1(White Jute)- C.capsularis
2.
Ithari-2 ( Sunaula Pat/ T-86)- C. olitorius
What is the best season for cultivation of jute?
Jute is a summer season crop for the time of sowing and different cultivation practices follow through the blog.
Climatic requirements:
1.
Temperature: The temperature for the growth and development of jute is 25 to 30
degree Celsius and during the vegetative phase temperature should never be
lower than 16-18 degree Celcius. The warm and humid climate is favorable for
jute production and plant cease their growth when the temperature is greater
than 40 degree Celcius and less than 20 degree Celcius
2.
Light: they are short-day plants but the long photoperiod induces
vegetative growth in jute. C. olitorious is more
responsive to the short photoperiod than the c. capsularis.
3.
Moisture: moisture is very important for jute cultivation. Jute requires a
minimum of 1000 mm/year rainfall. In tropics and subtopic area crop requires
1300-1800 mm rainfall per year so only under the irrigation jute can be
cultivated in dry areas. C. capularies are tolerant to waterlogged conditions
but the younger stages of jute plants are very sensitive to water stagnation.
For better growth and fiber 60-90% humidity required.
4. Soil: jute can be cultivated in all types of soil but loamy alluvial soils are most preferable. Jute requires 6-7.5 PH soil for better cultivation.
Agronomy of Jute production:
Field Preparation
Jute have very small
tiny seed, so to germinate and the emergence of the seed. the soil must be
fragile, loose, well-aerated, and very fine. Plowing and cross harrowing should
be done 5-6 times before planting. In alkaline and acidic soil, we should apply
lime or other things which can make the PH between 6- 7.5.
Seed treatment
Seed should be treated with the Agrosan GN Or cerasan, thirum, bevistin, vitavax, etc to save against the seed-borne pathogen, fungi, and other harmful microorganisms.
Sowing time
The best sowing time
for the capsularis is march to April and for olitorius is April to May. If
olitorious is sown in early March, premature flowering occurs and which reduces
both yield and quality of jute.
Seed rate, method of
sowing
|
Variety of jute |
Line sowing |
Broad casting |
|
capsularis |
6-8 kg/ha |
10 kg /ha |
|
olitorius |
4-5 kg/ha |
6 kg/ha |
Spacing and Thinning
Line sowing preferred
over broadcasting causes it to yield more than that of broadcasting. Row to row
spacing for capsularis is 30 cm and
20 cm for olitorius and continuous sowing. Sowing depth
for the jute is 3-5 cm. 2 thinning required for the jute 1st when the plant
attains 10 cm height and 2nd when plants attain 15 cm height.
Nutrient
FYM should
incorporate 1 month prior to sowing in the amount of 10 T/ha. Jute is very
related to nitrogen. N has the best response in terms of improving both
vegetative growth and fiber output. Because N fertilizer is leached off during
heavy rains, top-dress with ammonium sulfate as a source of N. After weeding
and thinning, N is usually used as a topdressing.
The capsularis require
60-80 kg N per ha and olitorius require 40-60 kg N per ha.
Nitrogen should apply in split dose, ½ as basal, ¼ at DAS, and ¼ at 60 DAS.
Phosphorus aids in
the prevention of lodging improves fiber quality and improves N usage
efficiency. Excess N can degrade fiber quality, although the presence of P2O5
in the right ratio can help to reduce N content in fiber and preserve high
quality and 20-40 kg P2O5/ha before or at the time of sowing. K requirement is
high (40-60 kg K2O/ ha). K reduces the incidence of root rot and stem rot.
Learn how to write a blog: Click here
Do comment below for suggestions and queries!